SF 

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UC-NRLF 


SCABIES.  OF    CATTLE 

By  Richard  »,  Hickman 

D.A.  Bui.  ,/152.  june  9^  1902 


BIOLOGY 
LIBRARY 


I     .i«-d  June  9, 1902. 

U.  S.  DEPARTMENT   OF  AGRICULTURE. 


FARMERS'    BULLETIN    No.  152. 


SCABIES  OF  CATTLE 


BY 


RICHARD  W.  HICKMAN,  V.  M.  I)., 
Chief  of  Quarantine  Division ,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

[Revised  edition:  reprinted  without  change,  February,  1915.] 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 
1915. 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY, 

Washington,  D.  C.,  July  %8, 
SIR:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  revised  copy  of  Farmers' 
Bulletin  No.  152,  "Scabies  of  Cattle,"  by  Richard  W.  Hickman,  chief 
of  the  Quarantine  Division  of  this  Bureau.  This  article  was  originally 
printed  as  Bulletin  No.  40,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  and  after- 
wurds,  in  April,  1902,  as  Farmers'  Bulletin  No.  152,  of  which  145,000 
copies  have  been  printed  and  distributed.  The  remedies  herein  given 
for  scabies,  or  mange,  are  those  which  have  been  tried  and  found  most 
efficacious  by  this  Bureau.  The  results  of  the  most  recent  experiments 
are  included  in  this  revised  edition  of  the  bulletin,  which,  it  is  believed, 
will  add  still  more  to  its  usefulness. 
Very  respectfully, 

D.  E.  SALMON, 

Chuf  of  Bureau. 
Hon.  JAMES  WILSON, 

Secretary  of  Agriculture. 


152 


Y-V 


Agiic^-Forestr 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Preliminary  statement ... 7 

Cause  of  scabies,  or  mange 7 

Form  and  life  history  of  the  scab  parasite 8 

Transmissibility  of  mange J 10 

Disinfection 10 

Treatment 11 

General  directions 13 

Small  dipping  plants 14 

Materials  for  small  plant f 15 

Advantages  of  the  small  dipping  plant : 18 

Tank  with  heating  appliance 19 

Large  dipping  plant  with  swimming  tank 20 

Suggestions  as  to  labor  required 20 

Handling  of  cattle  in  process  of  dipping 21 

Suggestions  as  to  construction  and  materials ^ 23 

Estimate  of  lumber  required 25 

Hardware,  etc 26 

A  smaller  or  medium-sized  plant  with  swimming  tank 27 

Notes  on  building  dipping  vat  and  dipping  in  oil 28 

Mange  in  horses „ 30 


152 


48772S 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page. 

FIG.  1.  Dipping  plant  with  cage  and  derrick 15 

2.  Vat 16 

3.  Cage ! '. 17 

4.  Sand  glass 18 

5.  Tank  with  heating  appliance 19 

6.  Plan  of  dipping  plant  with  slide  chute,  viewed  from  above 20 

7.  Vertical  section  of  dipping  vat  with  slide  chute 20 

8.  Plank  showing  beveled  edge  for  calking  .r 21 

9.  Sill  and  upright,  showing  method  of  joining 21 

10.  Showing  a  transverse  section  of  swimming  vat  built  of  concrete,  or  brick 

and  cement 23 

11.  Showing  tank,  with  spring  trap,  as  seen  from  above 23 

12.  Vertical  section  of  swimming  tank,  showing  trap  down 23" 

13.  Showing  front  view  of  spring  trap  and  vertical  section  of  swimming  tank .  24 

14.  Small  or  medium-sized  dipping  tank 1 28 

15.  Draining  pens ' 28 

16.  Crook  for  handling  cattle  in  vat 28 

17.  Crotch  for  ducking  cattle  ... 28 


152 


SCABIES  OF  CATTLE. 


PRELIMINARY  STATEMENT. 

Numerous  letters  are  addressed  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
making  inquiry  with  regard  to  scabies  of  cattle,  also  known  as  range 
itch,  cattle  itch,  and  cattle  mange;  the  last  is  the  correct  name,  the 
disease  being  mange,  or  scabies.  This  disease  has  prevailed  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  among  the  range  cattle  of  the  West  and  Northwest, 
and  has  been  heard  of  in  other  portions  of  the  country  also,  and 
inquiries  are  constantly  received  for  instructions  in  its  treatment. 

CAUSE  OF  SCABIES,  OR  MANGE. 

Scabies,  or  mange,  of  the  ox  is  a  contagious  disease  caused  by  a  para- 
sitic mite.  Cattle  are  chiefly  affected  with  but  two  varieties  of  these 
parasites,  or  mites,  which  belong  to  the  class  Arachnoidea.  These  are, 
first,  the  Psoroptes;  second,  the  Symbiotes.  The  first  is  the  one  which 
most  frequently  affects  them.  It  lives  on  the  surface  of  the  skin  and  by 
its  biting  gives  rise  to  great  irritation  and  itching.  It  is  most  frequent 
upon  the  sides  of  the  neck  and  shoulders,  at  the  base  of  the  horns,  and 
at  the  root  of  the  tail.  From  these  points  it  spreads  to  the  back  and 
sides,  and  may  invade  nearly  the  entire  body.  Its  principal  manifesta- 
tions are  more  or  less  numerous  pimples,  exudation,  and  abundant 
scaling  off  of  the  skin,  falling  out  of  the  hair,  and  the  formation  of  dry, 
gray-brownish  scabs.  In  the  course  of  time  the  skin  becomes  thick- 
ened, stiff,  wrinkled,  and  acquires  the  consistence  of  leather.  When 
mange  has  spread  over  a  large  surface  of  the  body,  the  animals  lose 
flesh  and  become  weak  and  anemic,  rendering  them  constitutionally 
less  able  to  withstand  or  combat  the  effects  of  the  mites.  At  the  same 
time  the  decreased  vigor  and  lessened  vitality  of  the  affected  animals 
favor  more  rapid  multiplication  of  the  mites  and  the  further  exten- 
sion and  intensification  of  the  disease.  Thus  we  have  cause  and  effect 
working  together,  with  the  result  that  scabies,  or  mange,  of  cattle  may 
in  some  cases  prove  fatal;  especially  are  fatal  terminations  likely  to 
occur  in  the  latter  part  of  a  severe  winter  among  immature  and  grow- 
ing animals,  or  those  of  adult  and  full  age  when  in  an  unthrifty  con- 
dition at  the  time  of  becoming  infected.  Variations  in  the  progress 

152  ~ 


of  the  disease  have  been  noticed  depending  upon  the  season  of  the 
year,  aggravation  in  winter  alternating  with  improvement  in  summer. 

The  mite  which  causes  cattle  itch,  or  mange,  is  closely  related  to  the 
mite  which  causes  sheep  scab;  both  belong  to  the  same  xgenus  and 
species,  but  are  different  varieties.  The  sheep-scab  mite  will  not  attack 
cattle,  nor  will  the  cattle  mite  attack  sheep  or  other  animals.  The 
itch  mites  are  found  to  be  very  numerous  upon  affected  cattle,  and  a 
very  small  quantity  of  debris  from  an  actively  infested  area  of  the  skin 
will  often  reveal  a  surprisingly  large  number  of  the  parasites.  These 
mites  may  be  removed  from  an  animal  and  retain  their  vitality  for  a 
long  time.  Specimens  have  been  collected  and  kept  in  small  glass  bot- 
tles in  the  laboratory  at  the  ordinary  temperature  of  the  room  during 
the  winter  months,  varying  from  45°  F.  during  the  night  to  80°  F. 
during  the  day,  which  would  live  and  remain  active  from  eight  to 
eleven  days.  Exposure  to  bright  sunlight,  however,  would  kill  most 
of  the  mites  in  a  few  hours. 

Scabies  does  not  appear  to  affect  cattle  while  they  are  doing  well  on 
grass,  nor  to  attack  those  in  good  condition  over  three  years  old.  The 
animals  which  suffer  most  are  calves,  yearlings,  and  two-year-olds,  and 
those  in  poor  condition.  The  first  symptom' of  the  disease  is  usually 
an  intense  itching  of  the  skin  about  the  neck  or  shoulders,  which 
extends  more  or  less  rapidly,  depending  largely  upon  the  health  and 
vigor  of  the  animal,  along  the  back  and  sides  and  down  the  outside  of 
the  legs,  but  does  not  usually  affect  the  inside  of  the  legs  nor  the  skin 
of  the  abdomen. 

The  other  variety  of  this  parasite  which  produces  mange  in  cattie  is 
the  Symbiotes.  This  is  known  as  Symbiotic  mange,  or  tail  mange.  It 
remains  generally  localized  upon  the  depressions  on  the  back  part  of 
the  croup  and  at  the  base  of  the  tail.  It  may,  however,  extend  over 
the  whole  surface  of  the  body  if  the  treatment  of  the  disease  and  care 
of  the  affected  animal  are  neglected.  These  cases,  however,  are  rare. 
Foot  mange  is  also  exceptional  in  cattle.  Tail  mange  has  almost  no 
spreading  tendency,  and  its  contagiousness  is  hardly  noticeable.  It 
yields  readily  to  treatment,  and  any  remedy  that  will  destroy  the 
activity  of  the  parasite  producing  the  Psoroptic,  or  common  form  of 
mange,  will  readily  kill  that  causing  the  Symbiotic,  or  tail  mange.  It 
is  possible  for  the  different  morbid  conditions  produced  by  these  two 
varieties  of  parasites  to  exist  in  the  name  animal  at  the  same  time. 

FORM  AND  LIFE  HISTORY  OF  THE  SCAB  PARASITE. 

The  Psoroptes,  the  first  variety  referred  to,  live  upon  the  surface  of 
the  skin,  adhere  to  it,  and  suck  the  blood  and  lymph  of  the  skin  by 
means  of  their  mouth  organs,  producing  a  more  or  less  intense  inflam- 
mation through  the  numerous  stings  which  they  inflict.  This  species 

162 


is  characterized  by  its  relatively  greater  size.  Its  general  form  is 
rounded  or  egg-shaped.  It  can  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye  upon  dark 
surfaces,  and  is  very  easily  seen  with  the  help  of  a  magnifying  glass. 
The  head  is  elongated  and  pointed.  The  jaws  are  long,  straight,  and 
stinging.  The  legs  are  very  long.  The  sucking  cups,  which  are  tulip 
or  trumpet-shaped,  are  carried  on  the  legs.  In  the  male  the}'  are  seen 
on  the  four  pairs  of  legs;  in  the  female,  upon  the  first,  second,  and 
fourth  pairs  only.  In  their  immature  form  the  Psaroptes  or  common 
mange  mites  have  three  pairs  of  legs,  while  in  the  adult  state  they 
possess  four.  The  latter  with  five  joints  are  fitted  with  suction  cups 
covered  with  fine  hair  and  armed  with  claws  or  hooks.  The  head, 
thorax,  and  abdomen  are  not  separated.  The  mouth  parts  are  repre- 
sented by  mandibles  or  jaws.  The  skin  surface  is  covered  with  scales, 
hair,  spikes,  or  silky  hair,  etc. 

Females,  which  are  larger  than  males,  lay  from  20  to  24  eggs;  at 
the  end  of  4  to  7  days  the  larvae  come  out  and,  after  having  undergone 
3  or  4  changes,  arrive  at  the  stage  of  reproduction  from  the  fourteenth 
to  the  seventeenth  day.  If  exposed  to  damp  air,  or  placed  upon  wet 
manure,  the  mange  mites  continue  to  live  from  6  to  8  weeks.  Upon 
damp  ground  the  eggs  remain  alive  from  2  to  4  weeks.  In  a  dry  place 
they  lose  their  vitality  after  4  to  6  days.  Moderate  heat  is  favorable 
to  their  vitality  and  to  the  hatching  of  the  mites. 

In  warm  places  under  cover,  and  during  the  summer,  their  move- 
ments are  more  active  and  they  multiply  more  rapidly  than  under  the 
opposite  condition.  It  has  been  estimated  that- one  female  alone  may 
produce  1,500,000  individuals  in  90  days. 

Each  animal  species  has  its  specific  mange  parasites,  or  mites;  conse- 
quently the  expression  "mange"  must  necessarily  be  incomplete  unless 
the  variety  of  the  parasite  is  indicated.  Thus,  of  the  Psoroptic  variety, 
we  have  the  ox  mange  mites,  the  horse  mange  mites,  and  the  sheep 
mange  mites. 

In  each  of  these  animals  we  also  have  the  Symbiotic,  or  tail,  mange, 
and  in  each  the  variety  would  be  designated  as  in  the  case  of  the  Pso- 
roptic or  common  form;  but  in  neither  variety  is  the  contagion  trans- 
mitted from  one  species  of  animal  to  the  other.  The  tail -mange  mites 
live  especially  upon  the  surface  of  the  skin  of  the  extremities,  and 
exist  in  scabs  in  the  outer  layer  of  the  skin.  Their  outlines  are  visible 
to  the  naked  eye.  The  head  is  short  and  wider  than  it  is  long.  The 
body  is  slightly  egg-shaped  and  notched  upon  the  outer  edge.  The 
legs  are  long  and  the  sucking  cups  are  shaped  like  a  Roman  shield,  and 
are  distributed  in  both  the  male  and  female,  as  in  the  case  of  the  same 
organs  on  the  legs  of  the  common  mange  mites. 

Sarcoptic  mange  is  a  more  serious  disease  than  either  of  those  already 
described,  but  is  not  common  to  cattle.  It  would  not,  therefore,  seem 

80856°— Bull,  ir.2— 15 2 


10 

important  to  refer  to  this  form  of  mange  parasite  and  occupy  space 
in  this  bulletin  except  by  a  reference  to  the  serious  disease  which  is 
produced  by  this  variety  of  mite  through  certain  characteristics  nat- 
ural to  it.  We  find  Sarcoptic  mange  in  the  following  domesticated 
animals:  Horse,  sheep,  goat,  dog,  cat,  and  pig. 

This  variety  dig  galleries  under  the  outer  layer  of  the  skin  and  live 
on  the  cells  of  the  middle  layer  of  the  skin.  They  multiply  in  these 
galleries  and  occasion  a  very  intense  inflammation  of  the  skin.  Because 
of  the  depth  to  which  the  Sarcoptes  burrow  Sarcoptic  mange  is  exceed- 
ingly hard  to  eradicate.  It  would,  therefore,  seem  fortunate  that  this 
form  of  the  disease  is  not  common  to  cattle.  It  is  rebellious  to  all  medi- 
cation, and  very  frequently  recurrences  of  the  disease  are  seen  after 
treatment  which  has  been  prolonged  for  months. 

TRANSMISSIBILITY  OF  MANGE. 

Concerning  the  transmissibility  of  the  different  manges  to  animals 
and  man,  we  find  that  all  Sarcoptes  may  live  for  a  considerable  period 
upon  man's  skin,  but  the  common  mange  mites,  the  first  variety 
described,  and  the  tail-mange  mites,  the  second  variety  described,  die 
very  rapidly  and  occasion  but  slight  irritations.  The  horse  may  con- 
tract Sarcoptic  mange  of  the  sheep,  pig,  dog,  and  cat.  The  ox  takes 
the  Sarcoptes  of  the  horse,  sheep,  goat,  and  cat.  The  sheep  contracts- 
Sarcoptic  mange  of  the  goat.  The  dog  takes  the  Sarcoptes  of  man,  pig, 
cat,  sheep,  and  goat.  The  pig  contracts  Sarcoptic  mange  of  the  goat. 
From  this  it  will  be  se*en  that  Sarcoptic  mange,  unlike  the  common  and 
tail  manges,  is  transmissible  from  one  species  of  animal  to  another. 

Mange  is  never  developed  except  by  contagion.  The  period  of 
incubation — that  is,  the  interval  that  elapses  between  the  moment  when 
the  mites  are  deposited  upon  the  surface  of  the  body  and  the  appear- 
ance of  the  disease  on  the  skin — varies  according  to  the  number  of 
mites  transmitted.  When  in  small  numbers,  the  first  manifestations 
of  mange  are  sometimes  seen  as  late  as  four  to  six  weeks,  while  at 
other  times  the  disease  may  be  clearly  apparent  at  the  end  of  15  days. 
Contamination  takes  place  either  by  direct  contact — that  is,  imme- 
diate, as  on  pasture,  at  the  stable,  etc. — or  by  intermediary  agents. 

DISINFECTION. 

What  has  already  been  said  with  regard  to  the  contagious  character 
of  scabies  in  cattle — of  the  number  of  scab  mites  which  may  be  found 
in  a  small  quantity  of  the  debris  of  the  skin  and  their  ability  to  live 
and  remain  active  for  a  considerable  length  of  time  under  unfavorable 
conditions — will  indicate  the  importance  of  the  thorough  disinfection  of 
corrals,  sheds,  or  other  buildings  in  which  affected  cattle  may  have  been 
kept.  It  is  therefore  necessary,  in  order  to  attain  success  in  the  treat- 

152 


11 

ment  of  this  disease,  to  destroy  parasites  which  have  fallen  off  or  have 
been  dislodged  from  the  animals,  as  well  as  those  that  are  upon  them; 
otherwise  there  is  danger  of  their  becoming  reinfected  from  the  prem- 
ises after  the  effects  of  the  remedy  applied  to  the  animals  have  disap- 
peared. 

TKEATMENT. 

Methods  in  operation  for  the  treatment  of  scabies  in  sheep  have 
become  more  or  less  familiar  to  all  people  interested  in  sheep  hus- 
bandry, and  it  may  be  said  that  the  same  treatment  so  successfully 
applied  in  ridding  sheep  of  scabies  has  been  found  equally  efficacious 
in  the  treatment  of  scabies  of  cattle. 

In  1898  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  issued  Bulletin  No.  21,  entitled 
"Sheep  scab:  Its  nature  and  treatment,"  which  gives  a  description  of 
this  disease  in  sheep,  its  cause  and  treatment,  with  numerous  formulas 
for  the  preparation  of  dips,  and  illustrations  of  the  methods  of  applying 
them,  together  with  directions  for  their  use  on  both  a  large  and  small 
scale.  The  treatment  of  such  large  animals  as  cattle,  which  are  diffi- 
cult to  handle,  because  of  their  size  and  the  conditions  under  which 
they  live — the  latter  making  them  more  or  less  intractable — would 
require  a  considerable  amount  of  any  preparation  to  wet  thoroughly 
all  parts  of  their  bodies.  Next  to  effectiveness,  therefore,  small  expense 
is  the  first  object  that  must  be  considered.  In  the  treatment  of  cattle 
for  scabies,  it  seems  fortunate  that  the  dips  of  lime  and  sulphur,  both 
of  which  are  inexpensive,  have  proved  effective  and  entirety  satisfactory . 

During  the  past  few  years  many  thousands  of  cattle  have  been  suc- 
cessfully treated  for  mange  in  different  States  of  the  Middle  West  and 
Middle  Northwest  under  the  observation  and  supervision  of  inspectors 
of  this  Bureau;  Dr.  A.  D.  Melvin,  Assistant  Chief  of  the  Bureau, 
and  Dr.  Robert  H.  Treacy,  inspector,  having  submitted  plans  and 
specifications,  which  will  be  found  further  on. 

The  dip  previously  used  contained  an  excess  of  lime,  and  frequently 
proved  quite  irritating  to  the  eyes  and  tender  parts  of  the  skin;  hence 
the  lime-and-sulphur  dip  now  adopted  and  recommended  for  the  treat- 
ment of  scabies  of  cattle  is  made  with  the  following  ingredients: 

Flowers  of  sulphur pounds. .     24 

Unslaked  lime do 12 

Water gallons..  100 

Place  the  unslaked  lime  in  a  mortar  box  or  some  suitable  vessel  and 
add  enough  water  to  slake  it  and  form  a  lime  paste  or  lime  putty. 
Sift  into  this  lime  paste  the  flowers  of  sulphur  and  stir  the  mixture 
well.  Be  sure  to  weigh  both  the  lime  and  the  sulphur,  and  do  not 
trust  to  measure  them  in  a  bucket  or  guess  at  the  weight.  Place 
the  sulphur  and  lime  paste  in  a  kettle  or  boiler  with  about  25  or  30 

152 


12 

gallons  of  boiling  water,  and  boil  the  mixture  for  two  hours  at  least, 
stirring  the  liquid  and  sediment.  The  boiling  should  be  continued 
until  the  sulphur  disappears,  or  almost  disappears,  from  the  surface. 
The  solution  is  then  of  a  chocolate  or  liver  color.  The  longer  the 
solution  boils  the  more  the  sulphur  is  dissolved,  and  the  less  caustic 
the  ooze  becomes.  Some  writers  advise  boiling  from  thirty  to  forty 
minutes,  but  this  is  not  sufficient;  a  good  ooze  can  be  obtained  only 
by  boiling  from  two  to  three  hours,  adding  water  when  necessar}T. 
Pour  the  mixture  and  sediment  into  a  large  tub  or  barrel,  placed  near 
the  dipping  vat  and  provided  with  a  bunghole  about  4  inches  from  the 
bottom,  and  allow  it  ample  time  (from  two  to  three  hours  or  more  if 
necessary)  to  settle. 

The  use  of  some  kind  of  a  settling  tank  provided  with  a  bunghole  is 
an  absolute  necessity,  unless  the  boiler  is  so  arranged  that  it  may  be 
used  for  both  boiling  and  settling.  An  ordinary  kerosene  oil  barrel 
will  answer  very  well  as  a  small  settling  tank.  To  insert  a  spigot  about 
3  to  4  inches  from  the  bottom  is  an  easy  matter.  Draining  off  the 
liquid  through  a  spigot  has  a  great  advantage  over  dipping  it  out  be- 
cause less  commotion  occurs  in  the  liquid,  which  therefore  remains  freer 
from  sediment.  When  fully  settled,  draw  off  the  clear  liquid  into  the 
dipping  vat  and  add  enough  warm  water  to  make  100  gallons.  But 
under  no  circumstances  should  the  sediment  in  the  barrel  be  used  for 
dipping  purposes.  A  double  precaution  against  allowing  the  sediment 
to  enter  the  vat  is  to  strain  the  liquid  through  ordinary  bagging  as  it 
is  drawn  from  the  barrel  or  settling  tank. 

The  above  directions  are  for  the  quantity  of  dip  given"ln  the  preced- 
ing formula.  Any  multiple  of  the  constituents  may  be  used,  depend- 
ing upon  the  capacity  of  the  boiler,  vessels,  and  tank  to  be  filled,  but 
let  it  be  repeated  that  there  should  be  no  guessing  about  the  propor- 
tions; that  the  directions  for  the  preparation  of  the  dip  as  here  given 
should  be  closely  followed,  care  being  taken  that  boiling  be  continued 
for  the  full  time  recommended. 

Another  good  method  for  making  this  dip,  highly  recommended  by 
experienced  inspectors,  is  to  mix  the  lime  and  sulphur  in  a  mortar 
box,  then  slake  the  lime  thoroughly  and  put  the  mixture  in  the  cooking 
tank  (which  should  contain  one-fifth  the  total  quantity  of  water  required 
for  the  dip),  after  the  water  in  the  cooking  tank  is  nearly  boiling.  If 
the  mortar  box  is  not  at  hand  the  lime  and  sulphur  may  be  mixed  and 
slaked  in  the  cooking  vat  and  the  water  then  added  for  cooking. 
The  mixture  must  be  boiled  for  at  least  two  hours,  stirring  often. 
Then  add  enough  water  to  replace  that  which  has  boiled  away,  so  as  to 
have  the  original  proportion  of  water.  Allow  to  settle  two  hours,  or 
longer  if  possible,  and  draw  off  the  clear  liquid  for  use  in  dipping. 

152 


13 

The  liquid  obtained  by  these  processes  contains  calcium  sulphides 
in  solution  and  now  only  requires  the  addition  of  sufficient  clear  water 
to  reduce  to  the  proper  strength  for  dipping.  Flowers  of  sulphur 
must  be  used  and  the  lirne  must  be  of  good  quality. 

GENERAL  DIRECTIONS. 

Soft  water  is  better  than  hard  water  for  dipping,  but  if  it  can  not 
be  obtained  the  hard  water  may  be  softened  by  adding  potash  or  lye, 
but  no  more  should  be  added  than  sufficient  to  cut  the  water. 

The  average  depth  of  the  liquid  used  in  a  dipping  vat  is  from  5£  to 
6  feet,  and  the  amount  of  dip  necessary  to  obtain  that  depth  should 
be  ascertained  before  preparing  the  dip,  in  order  that  the  requisite 
amount  of  the  liquid  may  be  prepared. 

In  1  gallon  there  are  231  cubic  inches.  In  order  to  find  the  number 
of  gallons  contained  in  a  dipping  vat  multiply  together,  in  inches,  the 
average  length,  the  average  breadth,  and  the  depth,  and  divide  by  231, 
and  the  result  will  be  the  number  of  gallons.  To  obtain  the  average 
length  of  vat,  add  the  length  at  the  bottom  to  the  length  at  the  top  of 
dip — or  water  line — and  divide  by  2;  obtain  the  average  width  in  the 
same  manner.  The  depth  should  be  taken  at  the  center  of  vat,  and 
should  be  from  the  bottom  to  water  or  dip  line. 

Be  sure  to  measure  only  the  space  filled  by  the  dip,  and  not  above 
that  line,  The  cooking  vat  should  also  be  measured.  It  is  convenient 
to  have  rods  marked,  showing  the  number  of  gallons  at  various  depths. 

Mix  the  dip  thoroughly  in  the  dipping  vat  by  stirring  lengthwise 
in  the  vat,  also  from  top  to  bottom.  A  large  hoe  is  a  good  instru- 
ment to  use  in  stirring.  After  the  dip  is  thoroughly  mixed,  take  the 
temperature  at  different  parts  of  the  vat;  see  that  it  is  uniform,  and, 
if  too  hot  or  too  cold,  add  hot  or  cold  water  with  proper  proportion 
of  dip  until  the  right  temperature  is  obtained;  be  careful  to  have  all 
well  mixed.  The  temperature  of  the  dip  when  used  should  be  from 
102°  to  110°  F. 

To  ascertain  the  temperature,  take  some  of  the  dip  out  of  the  vat  in 
a  bucket,  hold  the  thermometer  in  it,  and  read  the  temperature  while 
it  is  in  the  fluid.  The  dip  must  be  changed  as  soon  as  it  becomes  filthy, 
regardless  of  the  number  of  cattle  dipped  in  it,  and  in  no  case  should  it 
be  used  when  more  than  ten  days  old.  When  there  is  any  doubt  as 
to  the  good  quality  and  proper  strength  of  the  dip,  or  if  it  seems  to 
have  deteriorated  by  standing,  by  freezing,  or  by  being  fouled  by 
use.  do  not  depend  upon  it,  but  throw  it  away,  clean  out  the  dipping 
vat,  and  make  new  dip.  In  emptying  the  vat  the  entire  contents  must 
be  removed,  including:  all  sediment  and  droppings  and  other  foreign 
matter. 

152 


14 

In  order  to  attain  success  in  the  treatment  of  mange,  care  and 
thoroughness  of  method  must  be  observed.  Animals  that  have  been 
exposed  should  be  dipped  as  well  as  those  that  show  distinct  evidences 
of  the  disease.  After  the  lapse  of  ten  days  or  two  weeks  following 
the  first  dipping,  the  animals  should  be  subjected  to  a  second  dipping, 
in  order  that  parasites  which  may  have  survived  the  first  treatment, 
or  which  may  have  gotten  on  the  animals  from  corrals,  sheds,  build- 
ings, or  elsewhere,  may  be  destroyed.  Careful  examinations  of  thou- 
sands of  cattle,  thirty  to  forty  days  after  being  put  through  the  dip 
for  the  second  time,  have  failed  to  reveal  evidence  of  scabies  on  any  of 
them. 

The  dip  liquid  in  the  tanks  during  the  whole  dipping  process  should 
be  kept  at  the  temperature  before  stated — from  102°  to  110°  F.  Each 
animal  should  be  kept  two  minutes  in  the  dip,  and  be  put  completely 
under  twice  during  that  time.  All  bad  cases  should  be  hand-rubbed 
and  kept  in  the  dip  four  minutes. 

Pregnant  cows  have  been  treated,  as  well  as  cattle  of  all  ages,  from 
calves  to  full-grown  steers,  with  the  loss  of  but  one  animal  in  one  of 
the  swimming  tanks.  This  was  a  steer  which  for  some  unknown 
reason  seemed  to  be  unable  to  swim  and  was  drowned.  It  would  appear 
that  the  dipping  of  cows,  when  proper  care  is  taken — especially  to  pre- 
vent crowding  in  the  chutes — has  no  appreciable  effect  upon  abortions, 
as  a  comparison  with  previous  years  showed  that  the  dipping  had  not 
increased  the  average  number  of  abortions  regularly  occurring  among 
these  herds  before  dips  were  used. 

SMALL  DIPPING  PLANTS. 

Of  the  various  dipping  plants  in  use,  there  are  probably  three  that 
need  description:  (1)  The  small  dipping  plant,  with  cage  for  lowering 
cattle  into  dipping  tank,  which  is  inexpensive  and  suitable  for  use 
by  a  community  of  farmers;  (2)  the  larger  dipping  plant  with  swim- 
ming tank,  such  as  will  be  needed  if  large  numbers  of  range  cattle  are 
to  be  treated;  (3)  and  a  small  or  medium-sized  plant  with  swimming 
tank.  A  suitable  plant  for  a  community  of  farmers  has  been  built 
for  $150,  while  a  large  swimming  tank  will  cost  about  $350. 

Such  plants  as  those  in  operation  18  miles  north  of  Steele,  N.  Dak. , 
known  as  the  Langedahl,  and  the  William  Nelson  plant  at  Mencken, 
Burleigh  County,  N.  Dak. ,  would  seem  to  be  admirable  examples  of  the 
smaller  kind.  The  former  plant,  with  the  exception  of  the  tank,  was 
built  by  farmers.  A  thrashing  engine  may  be  used  for  heating  pur- 
poses by  connecting  a  IJ-inch  pipe  to  the  whistle  intake,  the  whistle 
being  removed,  and  the  pipe  joined  to  the  union.  These  plants  have 
a  capacity  of  200  head  per  day.  The  cost,  without  engine  or  labor, 
excepting  the  labor  to  build  the  tank  or  vat,  was  nbout  $150.  One 

152 


15 

person  can  easily  lower  the  loaded  cage  by  taking  a  hitch  around  a  post, 
and  it  may  be  raised,  as  shown  in  illustrations,  either  with  engine  or 
with  horses. 

MATERIALS  FOR  SMALL  PLANT. 

Following  are  the  illustrations  (figs.  1-5)  and  list  of  materials  for 
the  smaller  plant,  the  tank  of  which  may  be  filled  with  dip  made  as 
per  preceding  formula  for  about  $7.50.  The  drawings  from  which 
the  illustrations  were  made  and  the  list  of  materials  were  furnished 
by  Dr.  Robert  H.  Treacy.  Sliding  or  roller  gates  are  used,  hung  on 
the  ends  of  the  alley  or  chute,  at  both  the  entrance  and  exit  of  the 


FIG.  1.— Dipping  plant  with  cage  and  derrick.  Derrick  16  ft.  high  above  ground.  Derrick  posts  4  ft. 
in  ground,  6  by  6  in.  by  20  ft.  long.  Braces  4  by  4  in.  by  10  ft.  long;  2  double-leaf  6-in.  blocks  at  top 
of  derrick,  and  1-leaf  5-in.  pulley  at  top  of  derrick  under  crosshead;  100  feet  of  1-in.  rope. 

cage.  This  is  thought  to  be  a  decided  improvement  over  having  the 
gates  hung  by  hinges  at  either  end  of  the  cage.  Barn-door  rollers 
may  be  used.  The  rope  from  the  hoist  works  over  a  drum,  with  a 
brake,  and  may  be  drawn  by  horses  or  a  stationary  engine,  so  the 
cage  can  be  lowered  by  the  same  man  who  operates  the  front  gate,  as 
shown  in  the  diagram. 

Entrance  pen  and  chute. 

65  plank  2  inches  x  6  inches  x  16  feet. 
28  posts. 

18  braces  444 
152 


16 


lank,  or  vat. 

800  feet  good  2-inch  plank. 
400  running  feet  tongue  strip. 
10  pieces  4  inches  x  4  inches  x  18  feet 
2  pieces  2  6  16 

10  pounds  lead. 


FIG.  2.— Vat.  Tank  10  ft.  deep,  4  ft.  wide,  9  ft.  in  ground .  Should  contain  from  5£  to  6  ft.  of  dip.  Stand- 
ards  4  by  4  in.  by  16  ft.  long,  bolted  to  tank  inside,  to  extend  6  ft.  inside  of  tank,  to  act  as  guides  to 
cage;  2  by  6  in.  plank  6  ft.  long  nailed  to  outside  of  standards;  2  by  4  or  2  by  6  in.  braces  across  top 
of  standards.  The  tank  should  be  built  of  2-in.  plank  and  joined  with  a  tongue,  the  ends  oi  the  tank 
mortised  in,  the  joints  coated  with  lead.  The  braces  are  4  by  4  in.  The  tank,  being  placed  in  the 
ground  and  packed  solid,  does  not  require  much  bracing:.  The  tank  should  be  laid  in  cement  bot- 
tom, with  stone  and  mortar  about  sides. 


Cage. 


8  pieces  4  inches  x    4  inches  x  16  feet. 

8  pieces  2  4  16 

12  pieces  2  10  16 

10  pieces  1  10  16 

4  half-inch  iron  rods,  with  ring  in  each  end,  5$  feet  long. 

2  half-inch  iron  rods,  with  ring  in  each  end,  4  feet  long. 

3  pairs  of  heavy  hinges. 


17 


Derrick. 


2  pieces  6  inches  x  6  inches  x  20  feet. 

1  |,i;re  6  6  10 
6  pieces  4                 4                 12 

2  pieces  1  6  10 


FIG.  8.— Cage.  Eight  ft.  long,  8  ft,  high,  3J  ft.  wide— outside  measurement;  2-in.  plank  used  for  outside, 
boarded  up  and  down  inside  witL  1-in.  boards  to  keep  animals  from  climbing  up  sides.  Plank  2  in. 
apart.  Inside  boards  2  in.  apart,  an  1 1-in.  cracks  in  floor  to  allow  free  escape  of  dip  fluid;  or,  as  ends 
are  both  open,  cage  may  be  framed  as  m  fig.  1. 

Drip  chute. 

10  pieces  2  inches  x    6  inches  x  14  feet. 


4  pieces  2  12 

4  pieces  4  4 
1  pair  heavy  hinges. 

1  gallon  tar. 
Holding  pen. 

32  cedar  or  oak  posts. 
200  pounds  wire. 

5  pounds  staples. 

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16 


18 


Hardware  and  incidentals. 

100  pounds  20-penny  spikes. 
20  pounds  40-penny  spikes. 
2  6-inch  double-leaf  blocks. 
1  5-inch  single-leaf  block. 
100  feet  1-inch  rope. 
25  feet  1  \  -inch  iron  pipe. 

1  galvanized-iron  heating  tank  (5  barrels  capacity). 
4  oil  barrels. 


FIG.  *.— Sand  glass.  For  timing  the  animals  in  the  dip.  Is  made  of  two  ordinary  ketchup  bcttles 
connected  by  a  hollow  wooden  cork,  placed  in  a  box,  and  the  box  hung  on  a  pin  through  the 
center  to  revolve,  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 

ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  SMALL  DIPPING  PLANT. 

A  plant  of  this  capacity  will  answer  very  well  in  a  community  where 
various  owners  have  bunches  of  cattle  ranging  from  80  to  100  head  or 
less.  Among  its  chief  advantages  over  the  larger  swimming  tank  are 
cheapness  in  construction,  because  of  its  size,  and  proportionately 
smaller  expense  in  operating;  the  dip  can  be  kept  at  the  required  tem- 
perature with  facility,  because  of  its  lesser  volume,  and  the  submer- 
sion of  the  animals,  as  well  as  the  length  of  time  it  is  desired  to  keep 
them  in  the  dip,  can  be  more  easily  regulated. 

In  communities  where  mange  does  not  exist,  and  where  numbers  of 
small  herds  are  infested  with  lice,  a  plant  of  this  character  might  be 
constructed  and  used  with  profit  to  the  cattlemen.  Many  of  the  cattle 
that  were  dipped  during  the  past  year  because  of  having  been  exposed 

152 


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to  mange,  or  scabies,  by  being  herded  with  those  affected,  showed 
much  improvement  in  condition  soon  after  dipping,  although  they  had 
not  shown  distinct  evidence  of  being  affected  with  mange. 


TANK  4FT.  8IN.  WIDE 
9"  LONG 
8"  DEEP 


FIG.  5.— Tank  with  heating  appliance. 
TANK  WITH  HEATING  APPLIANCE. 

In  some  localities  where  steam  for  heating  the  liquid  in  the  dip- 
ping tank  is  not  readily  available,  an  oblong  radiator  made  of  heavy 
galvanized  iron,  set  inside  of  the  tank  1  inch  from  the  side,  is  success- 
fully used.  This  radiator,  or  heater,  should  be  set  so  that  the  dip 
may  circulate  around  it,  with  the  furnace  as  shown  in  the  figure. 
The  furnace  is  made  of  stone  and  should  be  26  inches  wide  inside  and 
8  feet  long.  On  top  a  cooking  vat  is  placed,  made  of  14-inch  plank 
on  the  sides  and  a  galvanized  iron  bottom  30  inches  wide.  The  cook- 
ing vat  is  8  feet  long  by  14  inches  high  and  30  inches  wide.  The 
radiator  is  connected  with  the  furnace  by  a  6-inch  pipe.  Heat  circu- 
lation is  established  by  means  of  a  stack  leading  out  and  up  from  near 
the  farther  end  of  the  radiator  (see  diagram).  Galvanized  stovepipe 
may  be  used  for  the  stack.  The  cage  is  made  of  the  usual  width— 
3  feet  6  iiches  wide  outside — and  the  tank  8  inches  wider  than  when 
steam  heat  is  used,  so  that  space  may  be  allowed  for  the  radiator.  The 
radiator  must  be  protected  by  guides  or  standards — guides  in  the 
middle  or,  preferably,  standards  in  the  corners  of  the  tank. 

152 


20 
LARGE  DIPPING  PLANT  WITH  SWIMMING  TANK. 

The  following  diagrams  and  notes  are  for  the  construction  of  a 
swimming  tank  where, large  numbers  of  cattle  are  to  be  dipped. 
These  are  in  accordance  with  the  drawings  received  from  Dr.  Louis 
A.  Klein,  inspector,  Fort  Worth,  Tex.,  through  the  courtesy  of 
Mr.  K.  Roby,  engineer  of  the  Fort  Worth  Stock  Yards  Company, 
and  Dr.  R.  H.  Treacy,  irspector,  Bismarck,  N.  Dak.,  the  drawings 
for  the  swimming  tank  v/ith  spring  trap  haying  been  made  by  Mr. 
J.  A.  McDugal,  Mandan,  N.  Dak. 


SUGGESTIONS  AS  TO  LABOR  REQUIRED. 

Excavations. — Excavate  for  the  vat,  as  shown  by  the  drawings,  to  the  proper  depth; 
level  the  bottom  of  the  pit  for  the  sills  of  the  vat.  After  the  vat  is  completed  and 
the  outside  has  been  coated  with  coal  tar,  fill  in  around  the  vat,  using  the  surplus 
earth  to  grade  the  sides  of  the  vat  a  little  above  the  natural  grade,  sloping  slightly 
from  the  vat.  Dig  all  holes  required  for  the  gate  and  fence  posts. 


nnnmt 


CALVANI2ED  'RON 


FIG.  6.— Plan  of  dipping  plant  with  slide  chute,  viewed  from  above. 


pIG.  7.— Vertical  section  of  dipping  vat  with  slide  chute. 

Carpenter  work.— All  work  should  be  done  in  a  skillful  and  workmanlike  manner; 
the  framework  of  the  vat  to  be  bolted  and  spiked  together;  the  plank  of  sides,  ends, 
and  bottom  of  the  vat  and  dripping  floor  to  have  edges  beveled  for  the  calking  as 
per  detail,  well  driven  together  and  well  spiked  with  20d.  wire  nails,  using  40d.  nails 
on  the  3-inch  plank.  Calk  all  seams  with  oakum,  well  driven  in  with  a  calking  iron, 
and  pitched.  The  exit,  or  inclined  end,  of  the  vat  to  have  a  3-inch  bottom  plank;  all 
ether  plank  of  the  vat  and  dipping  floor  to  be  2  inches  thick.  Sides  of  vat  to  be 
braced  with  anchor  braces  extending  back  6  feet  from  each  upright  as  in  smaller 
swimming  tank.  (See  notes,  p.  28.)  The  exit  end  of  vat  and  dripping  floor 
to  be  cleated  with  I£x3  inch  strips,  well  nailed  to  floor  and  bottom,  or  with  4 
inch  x  4  inch  cut  diagonal,  as  shown  in  figure  7. 

Gates  and  fence.— The  gate  post  should  be  set  4  feet  in  the  ground  and  the  fence 
post  3  feet  6  inches.  Set  all  posts  plumb  and  to  a  line;  well  and  thoroughly  tamp 
the  earth  around  the  posts.  The  bottom  of  all  posts  should  be  coated  with  coal 
tar  before  being  set.  Gate  posts,  8x8  inches,  with  6x8  inch  tie  framed  and  drift- 
bolted  to  the  posts.  Fence  posts,  6x6  inches.  The  gates  should  be  bolted  and 
spiked  together  and  braced.  Hang  with  £  x  3  x  36  inch  strap  eye-and-bolt  hinges, 

152 


21 

bolt  running  through  posts  and  hinges  bolted  to  gates.  Gates  should  have  £  x  3  x  16 
inch  iron  hasp  bolted  to  gates  and  a  suitable  bolt  staple,  with  iron  pin  and  chain  for 
locking. 

Fence. — Rails,  or  ribbons,  of  2  x  6  inches,  with  2x8  inch  cap,  spiked  at  each 
bearing  with  two  40d.  wire  nails.  Posts  set  8  feet  on  centers,  or  nearer  where  dis- 
tance may  require. 

Lumber. — All  lumber  should  be  No.  1  pine  or  fir  dimension,  free  from  shakes, 
bark,  large  pitch  pockets,  unsound  knots,  or  other  imperfections  that  materially 
impair  its  strength,  durability,  and  use  for  which  it  is  intended. 


FIG.  8.— Plank  showing  beveled  edge  for  calking. 


FIG.  9.— Sill  and  upright,  showing  method  of  joining. 

Drainage.— The  vat  should  be  fitted  with  a  2-inch  waste  pipe  fitted  hi  the  bottom 
with  gate  valve  and  elbow,  and  20  feet  of  pipe  to  run  horizontally  under  ground, 
with  a  fall  of  2  feet  in  16  feet,  draining  to  a  suitable  point,  from  which  the  drainage 
may  be  continued  by  an  open  ditch. 

Floor  of  pens. — If  the  owner  decides  to  floor  the  catch  pen  and  holding  pen,  the 
floor  should  be  of  2-inch  plank  nailed  to  4  x  4  inch  joist  or  sleepers  let  into  the 
ground  and  leveled. 

HANDLING  OF  CATTLE  IN  PROCESS  OF  DIPPING. 

Though  the  tank  may  be  sufficiently  long  to  hold  more  than  4  head 
of  full-grown  cattle  at  a  time,  it  -will  be  found  desirable  not  to  put 
more  than  that  number  in  the  tank  at  once,  or  a  proportionate  num- 
ber of  young  cattle.  If  more  than  4  full  grown  cattle  are  placed  in 
the  dipping  vat  together,  the  pressure  caused  by  the  cattle  in  the  rear, 

152 


22 

swimming  against  those  in  front,  may  be  so  great  as  to  seriously  inter- 
fere  with  the  proper  handling  of  the  animals  while  in  the  vat. 

The  incline  or  slide  at  the  entrance  end  of  the  dipping  vat  should 
start  on  a  level  with  the  ground  or  chute,  and  extend  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  dip.  The  pitch  or  drop  of  the  incline  is  indicated  in  the 
accompanying  diagram  (fig.  7),  and  should  be  no  more  than  is  neces- 
sary to  prevent  the  cattle  from  standing  still  or  backing  up  when  on 
it.  The  floor  of  the  incline  should  be  made  of  smooth,  hard  lumber 
that  will  be  slippery,  and  while  in  use  should  be  kept  wet  with  the 
dip.  If  of  soft  wood  or  masonry,  it  must  be  covered  with  sheet  steel 
or  galvanized  iron.  The  chute  connecting  with  the  incline  at  the  entrance 
of  the  vat  need  only  be  long  enough  to  afford  ample  room  for  the  number 
of  cattle  that  will  be  placed  in  the  dip  at  one  swim.  When  the  dipping 
vat  is  filled  with  cattle  the  chute  should  be  at  once  refilled  with  the 
number  of  cattle  required  for  the  next  swim.  At  the  proper  time 
these  cattle  are  released  from  the  chute  into  the  dipping  vat,  and  the 
process  repeated.  This  method  insures  having  the  proper  number  of 
cattle  in  the  vat  at  each  swim,  and  prevents  overcrowding  and  conse- 
quent accidents,  which  may  happen  with  long  chutes  filled  with  cattle 
when  the  cattle  become  frightened  and  the  men  lose  control  of  them. 

To  prevent  the  cattle  from  leaving  the  vat  until  the  proper  time,  a 
gate  must  be  placed  at  the  foot  of  the  incline  leading  out  of  the  dip- 
ping vat,  and  this  gate  should  be  so  constructed  that  it  will  slide  uf- 
and  down  in  a  frame  built  for  that  purpose.  As  the  gate  must  be 
strong  and  heavy  it  should  be  counterweighted,  so  that  one  man  can 
work  it  easily. 

When  cattle  are  going  into  the  dipping  vat  they  will  often  jump 
from  the  incline  as  far  forward  in  the  vat  as  they  can,  sometimes 
alighting  on  the  backs  of  cattle  that  have  preceded  them  into  the  vat 
and  injuring  them.  This  can  be  prevented  by  hanging  a  curtain  across 
the  vat  in  such  a  manner  that  it  will  prevent  the  animal  from  seeing 
the  vat  in  front  of  the  curtain,  and  he  will  therefore  see  no  place  to 
jump  to.  The  curtain  should  be  hung  about  6  or  T  feet  in  front  of  the 
foot  of  the  incline  leading  into  the  vat,  with  the  bottom  about  2£  or  3 
inches  above  the  surface  of  the  dip,  the  object  being  to  induce  the 
animal  to  endeavor  to  pass  under  the  curtain  instead  of  striking 
against  it.  The  lower  part  of  the  curtain  must  be  made  of  cloth  or 
similar  material.  Empty  sulphur  sacks  will  answer.  But  the  upper 
part  should  be  made  of  light  wood  to  prevent  the  wind  from  blowing 
the  curtain  out  of  position.  If  wood  is  used  for  the  upper  part  of  the 
curtain,  it  must  be  hung  on  pivots,  so  that  it  will  yield  readily  if  an 
animal  strikes  against  it. 

152 


23 


SUGGESTIONS  AS  TO  CONSTRUCTION  AND  MATERIALS. 

This  vat  may  be  built  of  wood,  brick,  concrete,  or  galvanized  iron, 
and  should  be  at  the  bottom  16  to  18  inches  wide,  inside  measurement, 
34  to  36  inches  wide  at  the  water  line,  and  may  be  continued  to  the  top 
at  the  same  width;  36  inches  width  is  desirable  where  cattle  with  wide 
horns  are  to  be  dipped.  When  built  on  the  above  lines,  with  a  total 
depth  of  7i  feet,  the  splash  boards  may  be  dispensed  with. 


FIG.  10.— Showing  a  transverse  section  of  swimming  vat  built  of  concrete  or  brick  and  cement. 


-40''  O"- »•- 


PIG.  11.— Showing  tank  with  spring  trap,  as  seen  from  above. 


FIG.  12.— Vertical  section  of  swimming  tank,  showing  trap  down. 

Where  an  automatic  drop  is  used  for  dropping  cattle  into  the  dip, 
the  dipping  tank  must  be  wide  enough  to  permit  the  trap  to  drop 
inside  to  a  sufficient  depth  to  throw  the  cattle  into  the  swim. 


352 


Trap.— -The  trap  is  8  feet  long,  30  inches  wide,  with  4x6  inch  sills,  which  should 
be  dressed  to  about  3|  x  5|  inch  and  2x6  inch  cross  ties,  planked  on  top  with 
smooth,  hard  /umber.  This  vat  is  48  inches  wide  at  the  top,  18  inches  wide  at  the 
bottom,  and  shaped  as  shown  in  the  diagram.  The  tank  will  contain  5  to  5£  feet 
of  dip  liquid  when  in  use,  and  should  be  fitted  with  splash  boards  made  of  2  x  12 
inch  plank.  For  economy  in  filling,  this  tank  can  also  be  made  narrower  at  top, 
except  at  trap  end.  Construct  the  trap  30  inches  wide,  8  feet  long.  Trap  should 


FIG.  13.— Showing  front  view  of  spring  trap  and  vertical  section  of  swimming  tank. 

swing  on  a  l|-mch  steel  bar  or  a  l£-mch  gas  pipe  by  holes  bored  through  sills,  3 
inches  from  their  ends,  as  shown  in  figure  10.  To  prevent  these  holes  from  break- 
ing out,  a  2  x  6  inch  crosspiece  may  be  used,  with  strap  irons  i  x  1|  inch  spiked 
over  both  ends,  as  a  means  of  strengthening.  Two  staples  may  also  be  used  to  pass 
around  the  1^-inch  pipe  or  steel  bar  to  take  part  of  the  strain  and  prevent  the  pipe 
or  bar  from  bending. 

159 


25 

ESTIMATE  OF  LUMBER  REQUIRED. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  following  bill  of  lumber,  hardware,  etc.,  will 
serve  as  a  guide  in  the  construction  of  this  dipping  plant,  a  few  changes 
only  having  to  be  made,  depending  on  whether  the  slide  chute  or 
trap  is  preferred. 

Bills. 

5  pieces  4"  x  4",  12  ft.  long=80  ft.  board  measure. 

Uprights. 

'       12  pieces  4"  x  4",  16  ft.  long=256  ft.  board  measure. 
4      "       4"x4",  12ft.     "    =  64  ft.      "  " 

Splash  plank. 

8  pieces  2"  x  12",  12  ft.  long=112  ft.  board  measure. 

Anchor  bracos. 

8  pieces  2//  x  6",  12  ft.  long=96  ft.  board  measure. 
4      "      4"  x  4",  16  ft.     tl    =86  ft.       " 


Sides. 

7  pieces  V'  x  12",  18  ft.  long 
2      "      2"  x  12",  16  ft.     " 
7      "      2"  x  12",  14  ft.     " 
28      "      2"  x  12",  12  ft.     " 


=1,146  ft.  board  measure. 


Ends. 

5  pieces  3"  x  12",  12  ft.  long=180  ft.  board  measure. 
2      "     2"  x  12",  12  ft.     "    =  48  ft.      "  " 


Bottom. 

2  pieces  2"  x  12",  24  ft.  long 


or 


2"  x  12",  12  ft. 


=96  ft.  board  measure. 


Platform  or  trap. 

1  piece  4"  x    6",  16  ft.  long=32  ft.  board  measure. 
1       "    2"  x    6",  12  ft.     "    =12  ft.      " 
1       "    2"  x  12",  16  ft.     "    =32  ft.      " 

1  "    1"  x    6",    8  ft.     "    =  8  ft.       " 

Trigger. 

3  pieces  2"  x  6",  12  ft.  long=72  ft.  board  measure. 

Scaffold. 

2  pieces  6"  x  6//,  16  ft.  long=96  ft.  board  measure. 
1  piece    4"  x  6//,  10  ft.     "   =20  ft.      " 

Sides  of  runway. 

10  pieces  2"  x    8",  16  ft.  long=214  ft.  board  measure. 
1  piece   2"  x  12//,  16  ft.     "    =  32  ft.       "  " 

1      "       2"  x    6/x,    8  ft.     "    =     8  ft. 

Cleats. 

9  pieces  \%f  x  3".  16  ft.  long=54  ft.  board  measure. 

Total,  2,744  feet  board  measure. 
i.52 


26 


Gates. 
Posts 


Braces 


sams  448 

8 

6 

8 

14 

ns                                          480 

40 

2 

6 

1? 

3                                             144 

8 

2 

6 

18 

is  or  rails.       .             / 

6 

2 

6 

12 

I       128 

4 

4 

6 

16 

Total 2, 192  feet. 

Fence. 


240 

20 

2 

6 

£*.      AW 

12 

Ribbons  .  . 

140 

10 

2 

6 

14 

1,760 

110 

2 

6 

16 

450 

25 

2 

6 

18 

64 

4 

2 

8 

12 

Caps  . 

32 

2 

2 

8 

14 

469 

22 

2 

8 

16 

120 

6 

2 

8 

18 

Total 5,285  feet. 

NOTE.— Oak  or  cedar  posts  are  to  be  preferred.  If  round  cedar  posts  am  used, 
substitute  10-inch  round  posts  for  the  8x8  inch  and  8-inch  round  posts  for  the  6x6 
inch  posts  as  above. 

For  catch  pen.— There  should  be  a  plank  floor  in  the  catch  and  holding  pen,  but  if 
only  a  limited  number  of  cattle  are  to  be  dipped,  this  may  be  omitted. 

If  it  is  decided  to  floor  these  pens,  the  following  material  should*  be  added  to  the 
foregoing  lumber  bill: 

J240  feet=15  pcs.  4"  x  4"  x  12'  No.  1  pine  or  fir. 
850    "  2"  pine  or  fir  plank,  12"  x  18'. 
240    "  =15  pcs.  4"  x  4"  x  12'  No.  1  pine  or  fir. 
960    "    2"  plank  16'. 


Total 2,  290  feet  of  additional  lumber. 

Cottonwood  lumber  may  be  used  where  the  market  price  of  same  would  make  it 
practicable. 

HARDWARE,    ETC. 

Vat  and  dripping  floor. 

42  carriage  bolts,  £"  x  6",  with  washers. 

40  "  £        8 

18  "  £        4 

40  Ibs.  20d.  common  wire  steel  nails. 

10    "    30 

15    "    50 

1  sheet  No.  14  sheet  steel  30"  x  84"  with  1  gross  1"  No.  10  screws,  if  trap  is  of 

soft  wood. 
20  Ibs.  oakum. 
40    "    pitch. 
10  gals,  coal  tar. 
5  feet  \\'f  gas  pipe  or  steel  bar,  for  trap. 

2  pieces  strap  irons  J"  x  l£". 
2  iron  staples. 

152 


27 

Vat  and  dripping  floor — Continued. 

21  feet  2"  wrought-iron  pipe,  with  couplings. 
1  elbow,  2". 

1  flange  for  securing  pipe  to  bottom  of  tank,  2X/. 
1  gate  valve,  2". 

Gate  and  fence. 

8  pairs  eye-and-bolt  hinges,  heavy,  $"  *  3"  x  36". 

8  hasps,  ¥  Ji  16"  x  3",  with  bolt  staple,  for  8"  posta 
48  bolts,  \"  *  3". 
20     "      \       4J 
68     '"      i        6 
160      "      I       4 
32  driftbolts,  \»  x  12". 
20  Iba.  30d.  common  wire  nails. 
65    "     40          "  "       " 

16  gals,  coal  tar. 

NOTE. — If  catch  and  holding  pen  is  to  be  floored,  add  to  the  above  30  Iba.  of  30d. 
wire  nails  and  5  gallons  coal  tar. 

A  SMALLER  OR  MEDIUM-SIZED  PLANT  WITH  SWIMMING  TANK." 

Doctor  Melvin's  immediate  association  with  the  work  of  dipping 
cattle,  both  for  marine  and  Texas  fever,  through  his  personal  super- 
vision of  the  erection  of  plants  and  their  use  in  various  sections  of  the 
country,  suggested  to  him  the  advantages  in  many  localities  of  a 
smaller  swimming  tank  than  the  preceding  (see  figs.  14  and  15),  such 
as  he  has  found  to  be  serviceable  and  economical  in  dipping  with 
either  crude  Beaumont  petroleum  (see  paragraphs  5,  6,  and  7  of 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Order  No.  121 b)  or  lime-and-sulphur  dip, 

a  Supplied  by  Dr.  A.  D.  Melvin,  Assistant  Chief,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

&  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Order  No.  121,  paragraphs  5,  6,  and  7. — 5.  Notice  is 
hereby  given  that  cattle  infested  with  the  Boophilus  annulaim,  or  southern  cattle 
tick,  disseminate  the  contagion  of  splenetic,  southern,  or  Texas,  fever;  therefore, 
cattle  originating  outside  of  the  district  described  by  this  order  or  amendments 
thereof,  and  which  are  infested  with  the  Boophilus  annulatus  ticks,  shall  be  consid- 
ered as  infectious  cattle  and  shall  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  governing 
the  movement  of  southern  cattle. 

6.  Stock-yard  companies  receiving  cattle  infested  with  said  ticks  shall  place  such 
cattle  in  the  pens  set  aside  for  the  use  of  Southern  cattle;  and  transportation  com- 
panies are  required  to  clean  and  disinfect  all  cars  and  boats  which  have  contained 
the  same,  according  to  the  requirements  of  this  Department. 

7.  Cattle  in  said  district  may  be  shipped  after  having  been  properly  dipped  in 
Beaumont  crude  petroleum,  under  the  supervision  of  an  inspector  of  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  without  further  restriction,  excepting  such  as  may  be  enforced  by 
local  authorities  at  point  of  destination,  provided  that  application  be  first  made  to 
this  Department,  and  permission  granted  to  establish  dipping  stations,  and  that  after 
being  dipped  the  cattle  are  examined  and  certified  by  art  inspector  of  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry;  and  further  provided  that  the  cattle  when  dipped  be  shipped  in 
clean  cara  and  not  driven  through  the  infected  district  or  unloaded  therein,  except 
at  such  point  as  may  be  duly  designated  in  regulations  of  this  Department.    - 

162 


28 

when  the  larger  swimming  tank  would  not  be  required;  also  a  crook 
and  crotch  (see  figs.  16  and  IT),  with  direc'ions  for  use  in  submerging, 
guiding,  and  facilitating  the  handling  of  cattle  while  in  process  of 
dipping. 


TOP   Or    SPLASHBOARD 


GROUND  LINE 
2' X4-' CLEATS 

:  AT  EACH  END      <&F  CLEATS 


FALSE  BOTTOM 


TOP  LINE  OF  VAT. 


/  FALSE   BOTTOM^ 


CAPACITY  AT  Si     1450   6ALLONS  . 


FIG.  14. — Small  or  medium-sized  dipping  tank. 


BARREL 


SCALE    IN    FEET. 


024-     6     8    10     \Z   14 


BARREL 
ORAININ6   PENS 


FIG.  15.— Draining  pens. 


FIG.  16.— Crook  for  handling  cattle  in  vat. 


FIG.  17.— Crotch  for  ducking  cattle. 


NOTES  ON  BUILDING  DIPPING  VAT  AND  DIPPING  IN  OIL. 

Vat  to  be  built  of  2-inch  tongued  and  grooved  boards,  or  1-inch 
tongued  and  grooved  flooring,  doubled,  with  tar  paper  between,  and 
joints  broken;  all  joints  made  tight  with  white  lead  or  by  calking. 


152* 


Uprights  4:  inches  by  0  inches,  2  feet  6  inches  from  center  to  center, 
with  anchor  braces  extending  back  6  feet  from  each  upright. 

Solid  boarding  extending  from  each  end  of  vat  toward  center  to 
catch  splash  and  prevent  cattle  jumping  over,  as  shown  in  plan;  also 
tight  boarding  on  either  side  of  vat  2  feet  high,  1-irfch  flooring  to 
catch  splash. 

False  bottom  to  prevent  springing  of  tme  bottom. 

Sheet  iron  on  floor  of  slide. 

Strong  fence  around  draining  pen,  7  feet  high,  lower  4  feet  of 
which  should  be  built  solid.  Strong,  tight  flooring,  inclining  to  center 
of  each  pen,  with  gutter  emptying  into  barrel  on  outside  of  fence; 
this  allows  dirt  to  settle  and  not  enter  vat. 

False  bottom  to  floor  of  pens  having  2-inch  space  between  boards 
and  built  in  sections  so  the}7  may  be  easily  removed  and  floor  cleaned; 
also  to  prevent  cattle  slipping.  Grate  to  swing  on  end  of  division 
fence  nearest  vat,  so  as  to  close  either  draining  pen;  wooden  stick  (or 
handle)  attached  to  free  side  of  gate  by  hinge  so  as  to  be  opened  and 
closed  from  outside.  Draining  pens  20  feet  square;  this  is  large, 
so  as  to  permit  oil  to  drain  off  cattle  and  be  used  again. 

By  dipping  young  cattle  last  less  oil  is  required,  but  sucking  calves 
should  be  dipped  with  their  mothers,  for  if  separated  for  a  time  the 
mothers  are  liable  not  to  know  their  calves.  Avoid  crowding  cattle 
forward  so  fast  as  to  cause  them  to  jump  upon  one  another  while  in 
the  vat. 

Provide  shade  and  plenty  of  water  during  hot  weather,  and  furnish 
shelter  from  winds  during  cold  weather,  with  plenty  of  feed.  Be 
careful  not  to  overdrive  or  handle  roughly  cattle  that  have  recently 
been  dipped.  Do  not  dip  cattle  when  they  are  wet. 

The  crook  shown  in  figure  16  is  12  inches  in  diameter,  with  a  wooden 
staff  6  feet  long.  It  is  to  be  used  in  assisting  }roung  stock  through  the 
vat  and  in  turning  them  around  should  they  become  headed  the  wrong 
wa}r  in  the  vat. 

A  crotch  5  feet  long  may  be  used  in  crowding  the  animal's  head 
under  the  oil  when  necessary  (see  fig.  IT),  and  a  pail  filled  with  oil 
should  be  at  hand  to  throw  over  the  head  in  case  head  can  not  be 
immersed.  Complete  immersion  is  all  that  is  necessary,  but  it  must 
be  complete.  Thin  oil  should  he  used,  as  thick  oil  is  more  or  less 
injurious  to  the  animals. 

The  crude  Beaumont  petroleum  contains  in  solution,  in  its  natural 
state,  a  considerable  amount — ranging  from  li  to  2  per  cent — of  sul- 
phur, and  is  a  valuable  remed}7  for  hand  treatment  with  mop,  rag,  or 
sponge  to  keep  scabies  in  check  during  the  winter  when  the  weather 
is  too  cold  to  admit  of  the  more  thorough  treatment  b\7  dipping. 
This  oil,  when  thoroughly  applied  to  mangv  cattle,  softens  the  scabs 

152 


3U 

or  crusts,  kills  the  mange  parasites,  and  facilitates  the  healing  of  the 
abraded  skin  and  its  return  to  a  normal  condition.  Cattle  have  like- 
wise been  dipped  in  Beaumont  crude  petroleum  for  the  cure  of  mange 
with  very  satisfactory  results. 

Galvanized*steel  dipping  tanks  are  in  use  at  a  number  of  pJaces  in 
the  different  States. 

It  is  to  be  observed  that  petroleum  from  different  wells  in  the  Beau- 
mont region  varies  considerably,  some  wells  producing  a  thick,  heavy 
oil  as  low  as  15°  gravity  Baume,  other  wells  producing  a  light  oil 
22°  to  23°  gravity,  and  some  even  higher,  a  production  recently  show- 
ing 29^°.  The  Bureau  experiments  with  the  different  oils  have  shown 
that  the  thick,  heavy  oil  of  low  gravity  is  apt  to  irritate  the  skins  of 
animals  dipped  in  it,  sometimes  producing  quite  serious  results,  while 
the  light  oil  is  more  bland  and  not  liable  to  injure  the  animals.  It  is 
therefore  important  that  only  the  light,  higher-gravity  oil  should  be 
used  for  dipping  purposes.  In  ordering,  the  kind  of  oil  should  be  dis- 
tinctly specified  as  Beaumont  crude  petroleum  of  22-J-0  to  24i°  Baume, 
containing  1^  to  1£  per  cent  sulphur,  and  that  40  per  cent  will  distil 
over  when  the  oil  is  heated  to  a  temperature  of  200°  to  300°  C. 

MANGE  IN  HOUSES. 

Many  reports  are  being  received  as  this  bulletin  goes  to  press  of  the 
prevalence  of  mange  among  horses,  especially  those  on  the  ranges. 
In  some  outbreaks  this  may  be  Psoroptic  mange;  in  others  it  may  be 
Sarcoptic  mange,  depending  upon  the  origin  of  the  infection,  since  the 
two  varieties  have  been  reported  as  existing  among  horses  in  different 
sections  of  the  country.  As  already  noted,  the  Sarcoptes,  unlike  the 
Psoroptes,  which  live  on  the  surface  of  the  skin,  burrow  down  and 
form  galleries  in  the  middle  layer  of  the  skin — retemucosum — in  which 
they  principally  live,  lay  their  eggs,  and  in  which  the  young  mites  are 
hatched;  consequently,  they  may  not  be  reached  by  the  dip  liquid  used, 
except  it  be  of  an  oily,  penetrating  nature.  Beaumont  crude  petro- 
leum would  seem  to  meet  the  indications  in  Sarcoptic  mange,  and 
has  been  successfully  used  in  the  treatment  of  a  number  of  horses 
badly  affected  with  this  form  of  the  disease  by  thoroughly  mopping 
them  all  over  with  the  oil,  using  for  this  purpose  a  cloth  or  brush. 
The  dipping  of  horses  in  Beaumont  crude  petroleum  has  not  been  tried, 
as  no  opportunity  has  as  yet  been  presented.  It  has  been  observed, 
however,  that  irritation  of  the  skin  has  been  produced  in  those  that 
have  been  hand  treated,  likewise  in  cases  of  cattle  that  have  been 
dipped,  especially  in  the  soft  parts  of  the  skin,  of  the  flanks,  and 
inside  of  elbows.  If  horses  are  dipped,  they  should  not  be  kept  in  the 
oil  longer  than  one  minute,  and  the  head  and  ears  may  be  hand  dressed 

152 


31 

instead  of  ducking  the  horses.     One  thorough   treatment    with   tn<> 
Beaumont  crude  petroleum  will  generally  he  found  sullicient,  a 
oil  remains   in   the  coat,  having  heen   noticeable  by  I'M -ling  with  the 
hands  and  fingers  thirty  to  forty  days  after  treatment  when  the  ani- 
mals had  not  been  exposed  to  rain. 

In  exaggerated  cases  of  the  disease  in  which  the  skin  had  become. 
Stiff,  corrugated,  and  cracked  it  has  likewise  been  observed  that  the  oil 
facilitates  the  healing  of  these  lesions  and  a  rapid  return  of  the  skin 
to  a  soft,  pliable,  and  normal  condition. 

As  the  life  history  and  characteristics  of  the  Psoroptic  mange  mi  to 
of  the  horse,  Psoro^tes  communis  equi,  are  practically  the  same  as  in 
the  case  of  the  common  mange  mite  of  cattle,  Psoroptes  communis 
lovis,  it  may  reasonably  be  expected  that  an  efficient  remedy  for 
mange  of  cattle  may  be  used  with  confidence  in  treating  Psoroptic 
mange  in  the  horse.  As  previously  stated  in  this  bulletin,  mange 
flourishes  best  in  winter  and  under  conditions  adverse  to  the  animals 
attacked.  It  is  therefore  easily  detected  in  the  winter  and  spring  by 
its  effects  on  the  animals,  while  during  the  summer  months  animals 
may  be  harboring  the  parasites  without  showing,  by  their  coats  or 
otherwise,  evidences  of  infection.  Hence  the  importance  of  the  treat- 
ment of  all  exposed  animals  in  the  fall  of  the  year,  even  though  they 
have  been  thoroughly  treated  in  the  winter  or  spring.  Fall  treatment 
should  not,  therefore,  under  any  circumstances  be  neglected. 

In  the  treatment  of  horses  for  mange  dipping  is  recommended,  when 
practicable.  If  no  facilities  for  dipping  are  at  hand  the  remedy  should 
be  applied  by  spraying  or  mopping  in  a  thorough  manner,  in  order 
that  it  shall  be  effective,  not  forgetting  the  necessity  for  rubbing  in 
^well  the  dip  liquid  in  all  badly  affected  cases,  or  in  badly  affected 
patches  of  each  individual  case. 

Sarcoptic  mange  of  cattle,  if  it  occurs,  must  be  extremely  rare  in 
this  country,  as  no  case  has  ever  been  brought  to  the  attention  of  this 
Bureau,  while  in  the  horse  it  is  found  to  exist  with  comparative  fre- 
quency, and,  unlike  the  Psoroptic  variety,  it  can  be  conveyed  from 
the  horse  to  man.  In  the  Army  soldiers  have  at  different  times  suf- 
fered from  the  disease  through  the  Sarcoptic  horse  mange  parasites 
having  been  communicated  to  them  from  horses.  The  disease  thus 
communicated  to  man,  however,  tends  to  spontaneous  recovery  in 
from  fifteen  to  forty  days.  When  transferred  from  the  horse  to  other 
kinds  of  animals  (sheep  and  pigs)  Sarcoptic  mange  has  failed  to  pro- 
duce irritation,  and  when  this  form  of  the  parasite  is  transferred  from 
the  horse  to  the  dog  and  cat  it  lives  but  a  few  days.  Notwithstanding 
'this  fact,  Sarcoptic  mange  of  the  dog  (Sarcoytes  scabei,  variety  canis) 
is  the  most  common  form  of  mange  of  the  dog. 

162 


[PUBLIC— No.  229.] 

AN  ACT  To  enable  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  establish  and  maintain  quarantine  district 
to  permit  and  regulate  the  movement  of  cattle  and  other  live  stock  therefrom,  aua  for  ot 
purposes. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  _ 
assembled,  That  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  is  authorized  and  directed  to  quarantine  any  Stat 
Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  any  portion  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Coll 
bia,  when  he  shall  determine  the  fact  that  cattle  or  other  live  stock  in  such  State  or  Territory  or  ] 
trict  of  Columbia  are  affected  with  any  contagious,  infectious,  or  communicable  disease;  and 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  is  directed  to  give  written  or  printed  notice  of  the  establishment  of  quai_ 
tine  to  the  proper  officers  of  railroad,  steamboat,  or  other  transportation  companies  doing  business 
or  through  any  quarantined  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  to  publish  in  >u( 
newspapers  in  the  quarantined  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  as  the  Secretary 
Agriculture  may  select,  notice  of  the  establishment  of  quarantine. 

SEC.  2.  That  no  railroad  company  or  the  owners  or  masters  of  any  steam  or  sailing  or  other  vessel 


as  hereinafter  provided ;  nor  shall  any  person,  company,  or  corporation  deliver  for  such  transportatiol 
to  any  railroad  company  or  to  the  master  or  owner  of  any  boat  or  vessel  any  cattle  or  other  live  stocl 
except  as  hereinafter  provided;  nor  shall  any  person,  company,  or  corporation  drive  on  foot,  or  cam 
to  be  driven  on  foot,  or  transport  in  private  conveyance  or  cause  to  be  transported  in  private  convej 
ance,  from  a  quarantined  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  from  the  quarantined  poif 
ti9n  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  into  any  other  State  or  Territory  or  thf 
District  of  Columbia,  any  cattle  or  oth'er  live  stock,  except  as  hereinafter  provided. 

SEC.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  ai 
directed,  when  the  public  safety  will  permit,  to  make  and  promulgate  rules  and  regulations  whi( 
shall  permit  and  govern  the  inspection,  disinfection,  certification,  treatment,  handling,  and  methc 
and  manner  of  delivery  and  shipment  of  cattle  or  other  live  stock  from  a  quarantined  State  or  Terri 
tory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  irom  the  quarantined  portion  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  the  Du 
trict  of  Columbia,  into  any  other  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia;  and  the  Secretary « 
Agriculture  shall  give  notice  of  such  rules  and  regulations  in  the  manner  provided  in  section  two 
this  act  for  notice  of  establishment  of  quarantine. 

SEC.  4.  That  cattle  or  other  live  stock  may  be  moved  from  a  quarantined  State  or  Territory  or 
District  of  Columbia,  or  from  the  quarantined  portion  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Colu 
bia,  into  any  other  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  under  and  in  compliance  with  thJ 
rules  and  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  made  and  promulgated  in  pursuance  of  the  prd 
visions  of  section  three  of  this  act;  but  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  move,  or  to  allow  to  be  moved,  any  cattlJ 
or  other  live  stock  from  any  quarantined  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  from  th«l 
quarantined  portion  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  into  any  other  State  oj 
Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  manner  or  method  or  under  conditions  other  than  thos<J 
prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

SEC.  5.  That  every  person  who  forcibly  assaults,  resists,  opposes,  prevents,  impedes,  or  interfe 
with  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  the  United  States  Department 
Agriculture  in  the  execution  of  his  duties,  or  on  account  of  the  execution  of  his  duties,  shall  be  fin< 
not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  or  be  imprisoned  not  less  th« 
one  month  nor  more  than  one  year,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment;  and  every  person  wl 
discharges  any  deadly  weapon  at  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  tl 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  or  uses  any  dangerous  or  deadly  weapon  in  resisting  ht 
in  the  execution  of  his  duties,  with  intent  to  commit  a  bodily  injury  upon  him  or  to  deter  or  prevent} 
him  from  discharging  his  duties,  or  on  account  of  the  performance  of  his  duties,  shall,  upon  convicj 
tion,  be  imprisoned  at  hard  labor  for  a  term  not  more  than  five  years  or  fined  not  to  exceed  " 
thousand  dollars. 

SEC.  6.  That  any  person,  company,  or  corporation  violating  the  provisions  of  sections  two  or  four 
this  act  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  shall  be  punished  r-y  a  fine  of  not  It 
than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  not  more 
one  year,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Approved,  March  3, 1906. 

162 

o 


L»ayioru  i>i 


N.  V 


PAT.  JAN.  21, 1908 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 


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